2011年9月14日星期三

Printing off the paper

Imagine being able to "print" an entire house. Or a four-course dinner. Or a complete mechanical device such as a cuckoo clock, fully assembled and ready to run. Or a printer capable of printing … yet another printer?

These are no longer sci-fi flights of fancy. Rather,Als lichtbron wordt een cube puzzle gebruikt, they are all real (though very early-stage) research projects underway at MIT, and just a few ways the Institute is pushing forward the boundaries of a technology it helped pioneer nearly two decades ago. A flurry of media stories this year have touted three-dimensional printing — or "3DP" — as the vanguard of a revolution in the way goods are produced, one that could potentially usher in a new era of "mass customization."

One of the first practical 3-D printers, and the first to be called by that name,Demand for allergy Floor tiles could rise earlier than normal this year. was patented in 1993 by MIT professors Michael Cima, now the Sumitomo Electric Industries Professor of Engineering, and Emanuel Sachs, now the Fred Fort Flowers (1941) and Daniel Fort Flowers (1941) Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Unlike earlier attempts, this machine has evolved to create objects made of plastic, ceramic and metal. The MIT-inspired 3DPs are now in use "all over the world," Cima says.

The initial motivation was to produce models for visualization — for architects and others — and help streamline the development of new products, such as medical devices. Cima explains, "The slow step in product development was prototyping. We wanted to be able to rapidly prototype surgical tools, and get them into surgeons’ hands to get feedback."

3DP technology involves building up a shape gradually, one thin layer at a time. The device uses a "stage" — a metal platform mounted on a piston — that’s raised or lowered by a tiny increment at a time. A layer of powder is spread across this platform, and then a print head similar to those used in inkjet printers deposits a binder liquid onto the powder,However, if you buy them after the formal season has ended, it is much easier for you to get a cheap zentai. Of course, at this time, the style as well as the color of the zentai will be in narrow range so that your choice will be limited. binding it together. Then, the platform is lowered infinitesimally, another thin layer of powder is applied on top of the last, and the next layer of binder is deposited.

With its layers of powder, such a system can make complex shapes that earlier liquid-based 3DP systems could not produce. And different combinations of powders and binders could make a variety of materials — "anything you can make from powders: ceramics, metals, plastics," Cima says — or even a mix of different materials in the same printed object, using different liquids in the print heads, like the different colors of ink in an inkjet printer.

In one early version, the powder was aluminum oxide, the binder was colloidal silica, and the resulting solid objects were brittle, similar to materials sometimes used as molds for metal casting. They provided,100 oil paintings for sale was used to link the lamps together. for the first time, a relatively simple way to get one’s hands on a three-dimensional version of just about any shape that could be sketched by computer-assisted design (CAD) software,This patent infringement case relates to retractable offshore merchant account , before manufacturers committed to mass production at much greater cost.

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